Jawaharlal Nehru was an Indian politician. He was the first Prime Minister of India. He played an important role in the country’s freedom struggle and was a prominent leader in the Indian National Congress. He was born on 14 November. At that time, he was famous among children as Chacha Nehru, due to which his birth anniversary is celebrated as Children’s Day. Today, 14th November, on the birth anniversary of Jawaharlal Nehru, let us know some things about him.
Jawaharlal Nehru was born on November 14, 1889 in Allahabad, British India. He belonged to a prominent political family; His father, Motilal Nehru, was a leader in the Indian National Congress. Nehru studied in England and earned a degree from Cambridge University.
Nehru’s education in England exposed him to Western political ideas, which shaped his vision for India’s future. When he returned to India, there was British-colonial rule in the country due to which there was huge dissatisfaction among the public. At that time the national independence movement was going on under the leadership of Gandhiji. Nehru also jumped into this movement and soon he was appointed to top positions in the Congress. He participated in movements like Civil Disobedience Movement and Quit India.
As soon as India gained independence in 1947, Nehru became the first Prime Minister of the country. His economic policies after independence were based on Fabian socialism. Nehru’s commitment to social justice led to initiatives such as the creation of industries in the public sector, agricultural reforms and the establishment of educational institutions.
Internationally, Nehru pursued a policy of non-alignment during the Cold War, advocating independence from the influence of both the Western and Eastern blocs. The objective of this approach was to protect India’s sovereignty and promote global peace. In the year 1955, Jawaharlal Nehru was awarded ‘Bharat Ratna’.
Nehru’s biggest failure as a Prime Minister is considered to be the India-China war of 1962. Apart from this, during Nehru’s tenure the country had to face economic stagnation. Despite these setbacks, his lasting legacy is imprinted on the nation that helped shape the country.
The death of Jawaharlal Nehru on May 27, 1964 marked the end of an era. His daughter, Indira Gandhi, and grandson, Rajiv Gandhi, continued his political legacy by serving as Prime Ministers. The influence of Nehru and the Nehru family (later Gandhi-Nehru family) on India cannot be denied. Even today the Nehru era initiatives are continuing in some form or the other.
List of Indian Prime Ministers
| Prime Minister’s Names | Term of Office |
| Jawahar Lal Nehru | 15 Aug 1947 to 27 May 1964 (16Y, 286D) |
| Gulzarilal Nanda | 27 May 1964 to 9 Jun (13D) |
| Lal Bahadur Shastri | 9 Jun 1964 to 11 Jan 1966 (1Y, 216D) |
| Gulzarilal Nanda | 11 Jan 1966, 24 Jan 1966 (13D) |
| Indira Gandhi | 24 Jan 1966 to 24 Mar 1977 (11Y, 59D) |
| Morarji Desai | 24 Mar 1977 to 28 Jul 1979 (2Y, 126D) |
| Charan Singh | 28 Jul 1979 to 14 Jan 1980 (170D) |
| Indira Gandhi | 14 Jan 1980 to 31 Oct 1984 (4Y, 291D) |
| Rajiv Gandhi | 31 Oct 1984 to 2 Dec 1989 (5Y, 32D) |
| V. P. Singh | 2 Dec 1989 to 10 Nov 1990 (343D) |
| Chandra Shekhar | 10 Nov 1990 to 21 Jun 1991 (223D) |
| P. V. Narasimha Rao | 21 Jun 1991 to 16 May 1996 (4Y, 330D) |
| Atal Bihari Vajpayee | 16 May 1996 to 1 Jun 1996 (16D) |
| H. D. Deve Gowda | 1 Jun 1996 to 21 April 1997 (324D) |
| Inder Kumar Gujral | 21 April 1997 to 19 Mar 1998 (332D) |
| Atal Bihari Vajpayee | 19 Mar 1998 to 22 May 2004 (6Y, 64D) |
| Manmohan Singh | 22 May 2004 to 26 May 2014 (10Y, 4D) |
| Narendra Modi | 26 May 2014 – Present |
| *Y – Years | *D – Days | |
Bharat Ratna Award List
| Year | Recipients | About |
| Bharat Ratna 1954 | C. Rajagopalachari | Activist, statesman, and lawyer |
| Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan | India’s first Vice-President and second President | |
| C. V. Raman | Physicists, mathematicians, and scientists | |
| Bharat Ratna 1955 | Bhagwan Das | Activist, philosopher, and educationist |
| M. Visvesvaraya | Civil engineer, statesman, and Diwan of Mysore | |
| Jawaharlal Nehru | Activist and author served as the Prime Minister of India | |
| Bharat Ratna 1957 | Govind Ballabh Pant | Activist and first Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh |
| Bharat Ratna 1958 | Dhondo Keshav Karve | Social reformer and educator |
| Bharat Ratna 1961 | Bidhan Chandra Roy | Physician, political leader, philanthropist, educationist, and social worker |
| Purushottam Das Tandon | Activist and speaker of the United Provinces Legislative Assembly | |
| Bharat Ratna 1962 | Rajendra Prasad | Activist, lawyer, statesman, and scholar |
| Bharat Ratna 1963 | Zakir Husain | Activist, economist, and education philosopher served as a Vice-Chancellor of Aligarh Muslim University and the Governor of Bihar |
| Pandurang Vaman Kane | Indologist and Sanskrit scholar, known for his five-volume literary work | |
| Bharat Ratna 1966 | Lal Bahadur Shastri | Activist and served as the second Prime Minister of India |
| Bharat Ratna 1971 | Indira Gandhi | First women Prime Minister of India |
| Bharat Ratna 1975 | V. V. Giri | Trade Unionist |
| Bharat Ratna 1976 | K. Kamaraj | Independence activist and statesman, former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu |
| Bharat Ratna 1980 | Mother Teresa | Catholic nun and the founder of the Missionaries of Charity. |
| 1983 | Vinoba Bhave | Activist, social reformer, and a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi |
| Bharat Ratna 1987 | Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan | First noncitizen, independence activist |
| Bharat Ratna 1988 | M. G. Ramachandran | Actor turned politician, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu |
| Bharat Ratna 1990 | B.R. Ambedkar | Social reformer and leader of the Dalits |
| Nelson Mandela | Leader of the Anti-Apartheid Movement in South Africa, President of South Africa | |
| Bharat Ratna 1991 | Rajiv Gandhi | Gandhi was the ninth Prime Minister of India serving from 1984 to 1989. |
| Vallabhbhai Patel | Activist and first Deputy Prime Minister of India | |
| Morarji Desai | Activist, and Prime Minister of India | |
| Bharat Ratna 1992 | Abul Kalam Azad | Activist and first Minister of education |
| J. R. D. Tata | Industrialist, philanthropist, and aviation pioneer | |
| Satyajit Ray | Director, filmmaker, writer, novelist | |
| Bharat Ratna 1997 | Gulzarilal Nanda | Activist, and interim Prime Minister of India. |
| Aruna Asaf Ali | Activist | |
| A.P.J Abdul Kalam | Aerospace and defense scientist | |
| Bharat Ratna 1998 | M. S. Subbulakshmi | Carnatic classical vocalist |
| Chidambaram Subramaniam | Activist and former Minister of Agriculture of India | |
| Bharat Ratna 1999 | Jayaprakash Narayan | Activist, and social reformer |
| Amartya Sen | Economist | |
| Gopinath Bordoloi | Activist | |
| Ravi Shankar | Musician, sitar player | |
| Bharat Ratna 2001 | Lata Mangeshkar | Singer |
| Bismillah Khan | Hindustani classical shehnai player | |
| Bharat Ratna 2009 | Bhimsen Joshi | Hindustani classical vocalist |
| Bharat Ratna 2014 | C. N. R. Rao | Chemist and professor, author |
| Sachin Tendulkar | Cricketer | |
| Bharat Ratna 2015 | Madan Mohan Malaviya | Scholar and educational reformer. |
| Atal Bihari Bajpayee | Elected nine times to the Lok Sabha, twice to the Rajya Sabha, and served as the Prime Minister of India for three terms. | |
| Bharat Ratna 2019 | Pranab Mukherjee | Indian politician, and senior leader in the Indian National Congress. |
| Nanaji Deshmukh | A social activist from India, education, health, and rural self-reliance. | |
| Bhupen Hazarika | Indian playback singer, lyricist, musician, singer, poet, and filmmaker from Assam. |
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