Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, popularly known as APJ Abdul Kalam, was the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. He was a scientist and aeronautical engineer who played a pivotal role in the development of India's missile and nuclear weapons programs. He was also a popular motivational speaker and author.
Kalam was born in a poor family in Tamil Nadu, India in 1931. He studied physics and mathematics at the University of Madras and went on to earn a doctorate in aerospace engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras. After graduating, he worked as a scientist at the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) where he played a key role in the development of India's missile and nuclear weapons programs.
In 1998, Kalam was appointed as the Scientific Advisor to the Prime Minister of India. In 2002, he was elected as the President of India. He served as the President for a single term and retired in 2007.
After his retirement, Kalam continued to be active in public life. He gave motivational speeches and wrote several books. He also founded the Kalam Centre, a non-profit organization that works on education and rural development.
Kalam died on 27th July, 2015 at the age of 83. He was a national hero and a role model for millions of Indians. He will be remembered for his contributions to science, technology, and education.
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