India's first female Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was the daughter of India's first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. Indira Gandhi became the Prime Minister of India for three consecutive terms from 1966 to 1977. Indira Gandhi was the first and so far the only woman Prime Minister of India.
Indira Gandhi was born on November 19, 1917 in Allahabad. Indira's father was Jawaharlal Nehru and mother was Kamala Nehru. Indira's grandfather Motilal Nehru was a prominent nationalist leader of India, and Indira Gandhi's father Jawaharlal Nehru was a prominent member of the Indian independence movement and became the first Prime Minister of India after independence. After schooling, Indira Gandhi took admission in Visva Bharati University in Santiniketan, built by Rabindranath Tagore. After this Indira took admission in Oxford University for further studies.
She started meeting Feroze Gandhi in universities, after which Indira married Feroze Gandhi on March 16, 1942 in Allahabad. In the 1950s, Gandhi worked as a personal assistant to the first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. In 1964, he was appointed as a Rajya Sabha member. After the sudden demise of Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Congress Party President K Kamaraj decided to make Indira Gandhi the Prime Minister. Indira imposed emergency in 1975. After which Indira lost the 1977 general elections. Indira once again returned to power in the 1980s and was embroiled in a conflict with Punjab separatists. He was politically assassinated by his own bodyguards in 1984.
Indira Gandhi joined the Congress Party in 1938. When Jawaharlal Nehru took over as the first Prime Minister in 1947, Indira Gandhi took over as Jawaharlal Nehru's assistant. In 1955, Indira became a member of the Congress Working Committee. In 1959, Indira was made the President of the Congress Party, in 1964 she was made a member of the Rajya Sabha, at that time Lal Bahadur Shastri was the second Prime Minister of India and Indira was made the Minister of Information and Broadcasting in his government.
When the then Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri died suddenly in January 1966, then Congress President K Kamaraj made Indira Gandhi the Prime Minister of India. Many members of the party opposed this and faced challenges from Gandhi. Morarji Desai won one seat in the Lok Sabha elections in 1967 and the Congress Party won the elections by a small margin, after which Indira became the Prime Minister and Morarji Desai became the Deputy Prime Minister. Gradually tension started increasing within the party and Morarji Desai and others were expelled from the party. After this, Gandhi along with other party members formed a new party which was called the New Congress Party.
In 1971, the New Congress Party won the Lok Sabha elections. Indira Gandhi led the Indian armed forces in a decisive victory over Pakistan in late 1971, resulting in the creation of Bangladesh and Indira becoming the first government leader to recognize the new country. In the 1972 elections, Indira once again won the assembly elections with a large majority. Shortly thereafter, the defeated representative of the Socialist Party in the 1971 national election filed an indictment against Indira Gandhi for violating election laws in that election contest, after which the Allahabad High Court ruled against her in 1975, in which the court said that Gandhi will be deprived of her MP seat and will have to stay out of politics for about 6 years. Indira then appealed to the Supreme Court, but did not receive any satisfactory response and took matters into her own hands, declaring a state of emergency throughout India and jailing her opponents and assuming emergency powers. Took. After which Gandhi made many new laws, in which personal freedom was agreed upon. After this period, Indira also implemented many unpleasant policies on a large scale.
After 2 years, opposition to this emergency regime began to mount and in early 1977 his opponents were released. The opponents decided to oust the Congress Party from power. In 1977, national parliamentary elections were held after a long time and Indira's party lost the elections badly. After which the Janata Party (presently Bharatiya Janata Party) took over the reins of the country and Morarji Desai became the new Prime Minister of the country.
Lok Sabha elections were held again in 1980 and Gandhi's party once again returned to power with a landslide victory, in this election his son Sanjay Gandhi became his chief political advisor. Sanjay also won a seat from the Lok Sabha in this election. Sanjay Gandhi died in an air crash in June 1980. After Sanjay's death, Indira Gandhi groomed her second son Rajiv Gandhi to lead her party.
In 1982, a large number of Sikhs under the leadership of Sant Jarnail Singh Bhind captured and fortified the Golden Temple complex in Amritsar, the holiest temple of the Sikhs. Tension grew between the government and the Sikhs, and in June 1984 Indira Gandhi ordered the Indian Army to attack and force the Sikhs out of the temple complex. In this fight, some walls of the temple were badly damaged and at least more than 450 Sikhs were killed. 5 months after the incident, Indira Gandhi was arrested in her garden in New Delhi in retaliation for the attack in Amritsar. He was shot dead by two bodyguards, after which his son Rajiv Gandhi became the new Prime Minister.
Indira Gandhi's father was Jawaharlal Nehru and mother Kamla Nehru, Indira Gandhi's grandfather was Motilal Nehru. Indira Gandhi was married to Firoz Gandhi and they both had two sons, Rajiv Gandhi and Sanjay Gandhi.
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